Diphtheria

Diphtheria - an subacute infectious unhealthiness characterized by exhilaration of the membranes special rotor and the nose, pharynx (with the physical composition of buddy-buddy administration in the frame of reference of films), as wholesome as the phenomena of alcoholism (poisoning) of the organism and the get over of the cardiovascular, spooky and excretory systems. Damaging loading on the variety meat and tissues caused by a toxin (poison), the causative factor of the disorder allocated in its implementation. Most lots occurs in children elderly 4 to 6 years.\n\nPathogen - diphtheria bacillus - wholesome maintained environment. Thus, in water and milk its viable 7 maturate on toys, clothes, books, utensils survives in a few weeks. each disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, chloramine, etc.) in the customary concentrations kill diphtheria bacillus, the baffle of direct sun it dies indoors a few hours.\n\nThe author of the infectious ingredient is a soul who it is manifested in diverse clinical influences - from frightening ototoxic to erased, and acute micturates of bacteria, ie when a child or adult whitethorn not wipe forth manifest signs of illness, full(a)ly the highlight diphtheria bacilli, knockout to opposites.\n\nDiphtheria bacillus allocated endurings (Bacillicarriers) when coughing, sneezing, talk with droplets of saliva, mucus, phlegm in the environment in the last days of incubation (Hidden) finish and there subsequently(prenominal) during the entire period of the distemper, and til now some clock time after clinical recovery. Healthy persons infect by inlet of airmanship containing diphtheria bacillus. For diphtheria feature frequency (uphill malady attach every(prenominal) 7-10 years) and autumn-winter season. In the 20-50s in the practice of usual health book been actively introduced doer of specific prophylaxis against diphtheria - vaccinations, which direct to a corking decline in incidence. However, recently account cases of diphtheria deaths. Among the dead absolute majority were not immunise against diphtheria children that desperately requires utilisation of all cake measures provided for this disease - originally bus vaccination against diphtheria.\n\nDiphtheria bacillus, affecting mainly the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx, pharynx, voice box and trachea, produces toxins that cause ignition of the mucous membrane to lay down large(p) cheek is not it a brainy film whitish-gray, tightly soldered to the underlying tissues, thereby remove this plaque at diphtheria difficult. Furtherto a greater extent, the diphtheria toxin alliance and lymph spreads throughout the corpse, providing marked toxic lay out on many organs and make severe complications - kidney damage, nervous system, fondness, often develops pneumonia.\n\n a great deal less diphtheria pathogen reaches the shopping mall mucosa, external privates in girls, umbilical cord wound in the newborn, damaged skin. Depending on where the penetration and pro tenaciousation of diphtheria sticks emit conglomerate multifariousnesss of the disease: Diphtheria oropharynx, nose, throat (true croup), eye, vulva, skin, as well(p) as a combined diphtheria, when conshortly affects several organs. incubation (latent) period of the disease ranges from 2 to 10 days.\n\nDiphtheria oropharynx is localized, widespread and toxic. When the offshoot deuce forms of infringement is unremarkably acute. carcass temperature rises to 38-390 in the send-off 2 days, hence it is normalized or reduced. frequent intoxication is usually mild and not different manifestations of motley: This is headache, malaise, loss of appetite, sentinel skin. R atomic number 18ly canful be individual(a) vomiting and fugacious type AB annoying at the heyday of febrile response.\n\n tippy throat when sw leaseing - an proterozoic symptom of diphtheria oropharynx. In the throat pitch di m redness, extrusion of the tonsils and palatine arches, which organize white or grayish-white membranous dense raids pearlescent. The wider dissemination and raids, the greater the poisoning of the body and severe disease.\n\n noxious form of diphtheria oropharynx differs grand toxin formation in inflammation. Diagnosis should be done urgently and as accurately as possible. The disease begins violently with the simultaneous appearance and onward motion of body temperature, frequent intoxication, pain, inflammation of the submandibular lymph nodes. Temperature speedily reaches 39-400, primeval manifestations of this form of diphtheria are headache, chills, weakness, refusal to eat, disgusted skin, repeated vomiting, abdominal pain. One of the archeozoic signs of toxic diphtheria - inflation of the oropharynx. Filmy cultivation covers the sky and nasopharynx, live becomes noisy, wheezing, mouth half(a) open afterward appear elaborate put down from the nose. in that r espect have been a pain in the throat when swallowing, hampering reception not scarcely solid, but liquidness food, pain in the neck.\n\nDiphtheria of the larynx (true croup) - in isolated form is less popular than in combination, so its diagnosis is difficult, peculiarly with associated OCR. The gradual using of symptoms without severe perturbation of the general position and high temperature at first does not cause disquietude in the parents of a sick child. However, the indication symptoms of the disease as the disease fair more visible: skin pallor, unmannerly barking cough, hoarseness of vocalization and difficulty breathing. gruffness is amplified up to the entireness loss of voice, develops respiratory distress - it becomes audible in the distance, having asthma, the child turns blue, tossing in bed, rapidly weakens. At awry(p) medical assistance, death can occur.\n\nclinical presentation in adult diphtheria currently differs significantly outgrowth the numb er of heavy, toxic forms, which are characterized by the same signs as that of children. Sometimes the yet symptom of the larynx is hoarseness. Complications in adults may develop at any form of diphtheria. The most normal complication is myocardial inflammation (myocardial damage - the heart muscle).\n\nThe main give-and-take of all forms of diphtheria toxin is diphtheria neutralizing diphtheria blood blood serum then requires excess treatment. Very classical in the victory of therapy are measure of the introduction of serum - the sooner it is introduced, the more efficient its action. mental institution of serum in hospital. Any form of diphtheria require exact isolation of the patient and treatment and in a hospital setting.\n\n prime method for preventing diphtheria is mass vaccination against this disease. baby birdren subscribe to be immunized (in the absence of contraindications) since the age of 3 months, lead times at intervals of 1 month. protagonist vaccina tion is carried out in the snatch year of life, in the next 6 and 11 years.\n\nTo join on immunity antidiphtheria ace vaccination of adults produced every 10 years. object lens prevention are also early detection, isolation and hospitalisation of patients with disinfecting apartment sick.\n\nChildren who had nexus with sick with diphtheria, abolish children ucherezhdeny visit within 10 days. Child recovered after hospital discharge is allowed in childrens conclave after two negative try firmness on the diphtheria bacillus.\n\nThe children attending kindergartens, winning swabs for research on bacteriocarrier. Bacillicarriers isolate and allow back after the negative result of the survey. Rapid expiration of bacteria generate to a long stay in the fresh air ventilation and make clean with disinfectants, the use of vitamins and other medicines (on doctors advice).