The Significance of Cell phones to the Progressive Lifestyle of the Filipinos

The Significance of Cell phones to the Progressive Lifestyle of the Filipinos Free Online Research Papers CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Study Cellular phones, a computer controlled communications system that connects the telephone system to a network of mobile radiotelephones, has been the latest trend of this country, mainly because of the features it has to offer: Multi-colored casings, Colored LCD’s, Polyphonic ringing tones, WAP, JAVA games, Infrared reception, WAV files, built in cameras, and of course, the ever popular text messaging feature. Text messaging is the technology wherein you can communicate with people through the use of mobile telephones with the short message service (SMS) feature, just by typing a message composed of 160 characters. It works with a prepaid or postpaid SIM card, current telecoms that supports this feature are the Globe telecoms, Smart telecoms and Sun Cellular network. Text messaging has been the people’s favorite source of communication for the past few years, until present. It is communication made easy for the people of today. Its purpose is to cut down on call costs, and it has been the permanent replacement for the â€Å"pager† or â€Å"beeper†, which, others consider as a thing of the past. Generations are defined by certain ideologies and certain lifestyles. It was the Flower Power for the 60s. It was the disco for the 70s. Madonna and Michael Jackson era for the 80s, and modern technology for the 90s till present. Technology has been around for quite sometime. The first cell phones were much bigger compared to that of today. However, it only picked up few years ago. Cellphones used to be just for calling people during emergencies, but now, it is very popular because of its text messaging feature. It was undoubtedly the reason why cellphone purchase skyrocketed in the first place. The main reason why text messaging is so excessive is simply because we all like to keep in touch with each other. We easily reach others just by texting. Because of this, the Philippines has been known as the text messaging capital of the world. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The following are given problems that the researchers wish to answer: Major problem: 1. What are the areas of the Filipino lifestyle that cell phones have greatly revolutionized? Minor problems: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a cell phone? 2. How does the cell phone phenomenon affect the lifestyle of the Filipinos? 3. Why Filipinos are so much hooked into cell phones? 1.3 Objectives of the Study 1. To be able to know to what extent the cell phone technology has influenced the progressive lifestyle of the Filipinos. 2. To determine the advantages and disadvantages of the cell phone technology and recommend corrective measures in case of disadvantages. 1.4 Significance of Study 1. To know why text messaging became so popular in the Philippines 2. To know how it cellphones has affected our lifestyle, 3. To know the purpose of cell phones, regarding its significance, and the significance of being able to use the text messaging service. 4. To determine the advantage and disadvantages of having a cell phone. 1.4 Scope and Delimitation The research study is about the significance of cell phones to the progressive lifestyle of the Filipinos. The researchers are given four weeks to gather data, which is not enough to cover more broad findings which is why the researchers focused on the significance of cell phones itself. Moreover, the research has been limited inside the campus of San Beda College, due to the unavailability of materials and lack of sources to conduct further study. 1.5 Definition of Terms Cell phone – a wireless electronic gadget used for communicating Camera – a device for taking photographs Infrared – wireless reception that enables the cell phone to connect to the computer Impact – the power of an event Monophonic ringing tone – ringing tone that produces more than one tone Polyphonic ringing tone – ringing tone that produces more than one tone SIM card – a module that stores private messages, dates and personal numbers Text Messaging – messaging service CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Literature A cellphone, in society nowadays, can even be a status symbol of some sort. The smaller, slickier and more expensive the phone the more powerful your image becomes. Some would say that carrying one, or rather how you carry it, is also part of the japorms of todays urban fashion. Its like, if you had one, you are definitely IN more than out. It has made such an impact to the Filipinos that the Philippines has been addressed as the â€Å"text messaging capital of the world†. (Jimenez .6) Cellphones in this modern day era are vastly becoming an important part of our lifestyle. Nowadays, it has become more than just a tool for communication. It had definitely gone beyond its utilitarian use. Now theyre fashion accessories. An outfit is never complete without one. Men and women are more or less judged based on the technological devices that they have. Some say that its the way of the world, and in this modern age where everything is wired, people wouldnt be that surprised that cell phones have become so commonplace that its no longer a question of owning one or not, but rather on what you have and how you wear it as regards to your lifestyle. Cellphones have really taken off. It used to be something that you can use to call somebody or receive a call from somebody, now theyre called mobile offices by some, but in general, people refer to them as smart phones. What is a smart phone? By definition, A smart phone is a wireless phone with text and Internet capabilities. It can handle wireless phone calls, function as two-way radio, hold addresses and take voice mail and can also access information on the Internet and send and receive E-mail and fax transmissions. (Jimenez .6) Thus, Cellphones have become more than just a tool for calling somebody or receiving a call from somebody. Its features are a delight to every person, as it has numerous features such as a schedule organizer, internet browsing, wireless phone calls, radio, mp3s, cameras and much more. It has become a perfect fit to our lifestyle. With that, Filipinos are most likely pre-occupied on checking their cell phones from time to time. Filipinos consume much more time using their cell phones. A major usage of mobile phones involves sending and receiving text messages. In a way, this mode of communication has become a way of life in the Philippines. Here, everybody seems to text bankers, policemen, nurses, maids, Cabinet members, even the president. Almost every kind of person has engaged in the use of cellphones, or at least has an idea about cellphones. A device that was once peculiar has vastly become a dominant phenomenon in the country. Everywhere you look, people seem to be obliged to check on their cellphones from time to time to check wether or not they received a text message that has become a daily habit of every Filipinos. (Meinardus.7) In relation, texting is probably the main reason why Filipinos have indulged themselves in cell phones. Without this feature, people would not bother to own one. SMS, (short messaging service), popularly known as text messaging, has been transformed from a cheap and quick means of communication into a potent tool for organizing instant protests. (Serfino.16) Text messaging has indeed become a convenient and cheaper way of communication. Its design is to make things easy for the users, giving fast and accurate service, in which only through this service the users can avail. Text messaging is not only popular because of its affordability and efficiency; it has proved to be the easiest access for Overseas Filipino workers in communicating to their loved ones back home. (Servano .8) Aside from its local contributions to the society, text messaging also helps bring people closer to their loved ones abroad. Through the use of this feature, Overseas Filipino Workers can reach us in seconds, without too much hassle. Cell phones were designed to include the following features: Caller ID, voice mail, call forwarding, call waiting, teleconferencing, NDD/IDD, and yes, text messaging. It was undoubtedly the reason why cell phone purchases skyrocketed in the first place. (Cadiz.9) Come to think of it, one cannot blame those people who got hooked on this craze. For one, it is an efficient mode of communication. There are no hassles because you do not have to wait eternally for the other person to reply. The response is so quick and short. Also, it is so accessible. You can actually talk to anybody you wish anytime, anywhere. It has become one of the easiest and most fun way of keeping in touch with friends and family. Under the effects of cell phones to the Filipino lifestyle, In her article, Dahli Aspillera, states that â€Å"due to the intrusive and domineering nature of cell phone users who blithely force us to listen to private musings meant for the ears of someone we cannot even see, we find ourselves unwillingly preoccupied by the dopey details of some stranger’s dinner plans, business dealings or marital woes,† which means that with the continuous phoning, any respect for the privacy of others has melted away. People have become impolite. (Aspillera .5) According to an editorial in the New York Times by a writer named Sharon White which she read, she concluded the following: 1.) It is impolite to place cell phone calls at a distance of less than 10 feet. 2.) It is impolite to place or to receive a cell phone call in the presence of dining companies. 3.) At a theatrical event, it is definitely not okay for audience members to place or receive phone calls in or around any kind of theatrical venue. 4.) Inside a lavatory stall, the presence of unseen strangers, even those present only via cell phone, is not welcome among the pants. Less during the vulnerable Homo sapiens waste elimination process. Felix D. Ayugo, in his article â€Å"Cell phone antenna and human health† listed down clinical evidences of the hazards of cell phone to the health of the cell phone users as follows: 1.) Association of headaches to cell phone use 2.) Growing evidence that cellular telephone radiation could affect the brain. 3.) The elevated incidents of leukemia and brain tumor.(Ayugo .137) Thus, we should be equipped with the knowledge of these clinical evidences which cell phones are most likely able to cause because of its radiation. Lenie Lestuna, emphasizes in her article that using a mobile phone while driving or walking is inviting accidents of the worst kind. According to her, parents irked over the amount of time their teenage children spend on their cell phones sometimes missing out on homework or staying up all night to send text messages to friends, and even teachers are constantly bothered by students sending text messages to each other during class hours. (Lestuna .15) Ching M. Alano in her article â€Å"How safe are cellular phones† wrote about a recent study which shows that KF fields similar to those use din mobile telecommunications increases the incidences of cancer among genetically engineered mice, therefore it may prove to also have the same effect to humans. Also, mobile telephone according to her can cause interference in other certain med ical devices such as cardiac pacemakers and hearing aids. Therefore, individuals using such devices should contact their doctor to determine the susceptibility of their products to the said effects. Truly, the Filipino lifestyle revolves mainly around cellular phones these days. From the time one wakes up to the time one goes to sleep, only a cellular phone is needed to get through the day (Manila.2B). It is a reality that we cannot escape the fact that mobile phones have become a major part of our lives and that people cannot go to work or go out if people don’t bring along their mobile phones with them, on the other hand cellular phones became a great trend among Filipinos almost everyone in the country owns a mobile phone. No longer have the playthings of the rich or the tools of high-powered businessmen or women, cellular phones evolved to become an everyday accessory (Hiscock.2B). It is true that from the past few years’ cellular phones are just gadgets for the rich and tools for the corporate world, because nowadays a person can buy a mobile phone for a low price or by installment basis. Even an average person use this technology everyday, for their livelihoo d or small business, because they need to communicate with their dealers and clients furthermore cellular phone models has advance its options for the past years. Like the old models of mobile phones, its screen is only limited for the colors black and white but now we can use a multi-colored screen and some additional features like a built in camera and a mp3 player ect. Aside from that we can now access several new options from our mobile phones thanks for the advancement in technology. Also owning a cellular phone has also become â€Å"aspirational† among the regular workers, who feel elated by the idea that the models they use are also those owned by their superiors. Somehow, it gives workers the feeling of being equal to their bosses (Hiscock.2B). On the whole it can greatly increase moral among the regular workers. Because they can say for themselves that they can catch up for the position to that of their boss. According to the Canada-based institute of the future, the technology horizon is also a cultural horizon in the sense that â€Å"new technologies are driving the world toward more connectivity†. And as these technologies mature, they will most likely create new behavior (Estopace.1). Culture can be altered by emerging new technologies. Because work nowadays is much easier unlike in the old days that everything we do, we do it by hand. Like in telecommunication it become much faster and easier to communicate through phone and now people made mobile phones to carry it anywhere anytime. In addition there is no doubt that the cellular phone has become an extension of its user. Fifty-three percent of Filipinos say they plan most of their social activities using their cellular phone (Estopace.2). Mobile phone gives people an opportunity to organize their lifestyle or work schedules. It makes the user feel more secure about himself having a gadget that can manage his time. In additi on, the plethora of new handsets in the market may have its advantages as more and more people in the region admit that chasing after new models is crucial in keeping up with trends (Estopace.3). Mobile phones have increase in its sales these past few years. For this reasons many people intend to buy a much fancier cellular phone than the one’s they have. Trend in the Philippines is as important as food for our body people like to boast the beautiful things that they have one example is the technologically advance mobile phones. Chapter 3 Summary and Conclusion Summary Cellular phones have become a peculiar lifestyle to the Filipinos. It has become a national trend for almost every kind of person in the country. The research paper aims to solve the following problems: Major Problem: To be able to know the areas of the Filipino lifestyle that cell phones have greatly revolutionized. And the minor problems: To be able to know the advantages and disadvantages of having a cell phone, to be able to know how the cell phone phenomenon has affected the lifestyle of the Filipinos, and to be able to know why the Filipinos are so much hooked into cell phones. The entire research paper gathered data from books, websites, and periodicals. Based on the data gathered by the researchers, the cellular phone usage has affected the Social needs of the Filipinos. Mobile phones have become a necessary tool for business as well for the people’s everyday life, because it grants access to other people through telecommunication. Despite being a distraction at times, it is a reality that we cannot escape the fact that mobile phones have become a major part of our lives and that people cannot go to work or go out if people don’t bring along their mobile phones with them. Cellular phones have become a great trend among Filipinos, and almost everyone in the country owns a mobile phone nowadays. Conclusion After a thorough investigation, the research therefore concludes that: 1. Cellphones, can now even be a status symbol of some sort. The smaller, slickier and more expensive the phone the more powerful your image becomes. 2. Being reachable is one of the top reason for buying a cellphone. 3. The positive effects of cell phones are providing easier way of communication, the privilege of being able to use its exclusive features like cameras, radio, mp3 and helping people organize their schedule. 4. The negative effect of a cell phone is that it can become a source of distraction when working on something. BIBLIOGRAPHY Clavecilla, Wigberto P. Philippines by Year 2000: Electronics, Telecommunications and other Factors Relevant to the Socio-Economic Development of the Philippines. Manila: W.P. Clavecilla 1991. Co, John C., Saludares, Barrion Q. et al. A Study on Islacom’s Pricing Strategy and its Possible Effect on Consumers. Manila: San Beda College 1995. Go, Christopher and Macalino, Joseph Alexander M. The Perception of the Employees of the Philippine Long Distance and Telecommunication (PLDT) in giving fringe benefits. Manila: San Beda College 1996. Hollnsteiner, Mary Racelis. Society, Culture and the Filipino. Ateneo de Manila University: Quezon City Institute of the Philippine Culture 1975. Landa, Jocano F. Filipino Prehistory: Rediscovering Pre-colonial Heritage. Metro Manila Punlao Research House. 1998. Mann, Stev, Shihli, Scott. The Wireless Application Protocool: A Whiley Tech Brief New York: John Wesley and Sons 2000. Mattes, Andy 21st Century Communications: An Executive Guide to Communications in the Enterprise Oxford: Capstore 2003. Osias, Camilo. The Filipino Way of Life. New York Ginn 1940. Peralta, Jesus T. Reflections on Philippines Culture and Society: Festschrift in Honor of William Henry Scott. Quezon City: AdMU Press. 2001. Rosario, Braid Florangel. et al. A Reader on Information and Communication Technology Planning for Development. S. I. KATHA 1998. Schrum, Lynne, Berenfeld, Boris Teaching and Learning in the Information Age: A Guide to Educational Telecommunications Boston Allyn and Bacon 1997. Serfino, Dennis New Industries Thrive on Cellphoone boom Manila Standard June 13, 2001 Williams, Brian K., Saunyer, Stacey C. et al. Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers and Communication. Chicago: Richard D. Irwin Publication 1995. NEWSPAPER Aspillera, Dahli Texting the Filipino way Malaya, Aug.17, 2000, vol. 19/No.210 p.5) Ayugo, Felix D. Cell phone antenna and human health Philippine Daily Inquirer, p137, vol.15, No.32, 11/4/2000 Hiscock, Donald Text Messaging and Teaching Manila bulletin March 13, 2003 Serfino, Dennis New Industries Thrive on Cellphoone boom Manila Standard June 13, 2001 Lestuna, Lenie Cellphone misuse spells danger Today, May 10, 1999, No. 1, 933, p.15 Cell Phone Setting New Trends Among Filipinos. Manila Times. Vol. 102, no. 575. INTERNET Sol Jose Vanzi. Asians Growing Affair with the Cellular Phone. Philippine Headline News Online 2003. newsflash.org/2003/05/si/si001769.htm Raul Pertierra, Eduardo F. Ugarte, Alicia Pingol, Joel Hernandez, and Nikos Lexis Dacanay, Txt-ing Selves: Cellphones and Philippine Modernity, Manila: De La Salle University Press, Inc. 2002 finlandembassy.ph/texting2.htm Research Papers on The Significance of Cell phones to the Progressive Lifestyle of the FilipinosUsing Cell Phones While Driving EssayInflation TargetingDeveloping a Computer Network for Bead BarThe Colour PurpleMy Air force EssayChildhood Obesity EssayIntentism The Resurrection of the AuthorDigital Marketing Mix Google EssayDistance Learning Survival GuideGenetic Engineering

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Fast Facts: Stubby Squid Scientific Name: Rossia pacifica pacifica, Rossia pacifica diagensisCommon Names: Stubby squid, Pacific bob-tailed squid, North Pacific bobtail squidBasic Animal Group: Invertebrate  Ã‚  Size: Body length about 2 inches (males) to 4 inches (females)Weight: Less than 7 ouncesLifespan: 18 months to 2 yearsDiet: CarnivoreHabitat: Polar and deepwater habitats along the Pacific RimPopulation: Unknown  Conservation Status: Data deficient Description   Stubby squids are cephalopods, members of the Sepiolidae family, the subfamily Rossinae, and the genus Rossia. Rossia pacifica is divided into two subspecies: Rossia pacifica pacifica and Rossia pacifica diegensis. Diegensis is found only in the eastern Pacific coast off Santa Catalina Island. It is smaller and more delicate, has larger fins, and lives at greater depths (nearly 4,000 feet) than the rest of the R. pacifica species. Stubby squids look like a combination of octopus and squid- but they are actually neither, being more closely related to cuttlefish.   Stubby squids have a smooth, soft body (mantle) that is short and round with a separate head marked by two large complex eyes. Radiating out from the body are eight suckered arms and two long tentacles which retract and extend as needed to grasp dinner or each other. The tentacles end in clubs which also have suckers. The mantle (body) of the females measure up to 4.5 inches, about twice that of the male (about 2 inches). Each of the arms has two to four rows of suckers which differ slightly in size. The male has one arm with a hectocotylized sucker at the dorsal end to allow him to fertilize the female. Stubby squids have two ear-shaped fins and a slender, delicate internal shell (pen). They produce a great deal of mucus and are sometimes found wearing a Jello jacket of mucus to protect themselves from polluted waters. A man holds a stubby squid which begins to secrete a mucous as a defensive behavior. West Seattle, Washington. Stuart Westmorland / Getty Images Plus Habitat and Range Rossia pacifica is native to the northern rim of the Pacific Ocean from Japan to southern California, including the polar reaches of the Bering Strait. They spend the winters on sandy slopes in moderately shallow water, and the summers in deeper water where they breed.   They prefer sandy to mud-sand bottoms and are found in coastal waters, where they spend most of the day resting at depths of 50–1,200 feet (rarely 1,600 feet) below the surface. When they hunt at night they can be found swimming at or near the coastlines. Preferring to live in shrimp beds near their main prey, they dig themselves into the sand during the day so that only their eyes are visible. When disturbed they turn an opalescent greenish-gray color and squirt out a blob of black ink- octopus and squid ink is usually brown- that has the shape of a squid body.   Disturbed stubby squid swimming. Scott Stevenson / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring   Spawning takes place in deep water during the late summer and fall. Male stubby squids impregnate females by grasping them with their tentacles and inserting the hectocotylus-armed arm into the females mantle cavity where he deposits the spermatophores. After accomplishing fertilization, the male dies.   The female lays between 120–150 eggs in batches of about 50 eggs (each under two-tenths of an inch); the batches separated by about three weeks. Each egg is embedded in a large creamy white and durable capsule measuring between 0.3–0.5 inches. The mother attaches the capsules singly or in small groups to seaweeds, clam shells, sponge masses or other objects in the bottom. Then she dies.   After 4–9 months, the young hatch out of the capsules as miniature adults and soon begin to feed on small crustaceans. The lifespan of a stubby squid is between 18 months to two years. Conservation Status   Studies on the stubby squid are difficult, since the creature spends much of its life in deep water, especially compared to its shallow-water Atlantic Ocean cousin Sepioloa atlantica. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the stubby squid as data deficient.   The stubby squid appears to survive quite well in polluted urban bays, even those with highly polluted bottom sediments, such as the inner harbors of Seattle and Tacoma, Washington. It is often trawled in large quantities off the Sanriku-Hokkaido coasts of Japan and other subarctic Pacific regions, but its meat is considered inferior tasting to other cephalopods and so has low economic value.   Sources Anderson, Roland C. , Stubby squid. The Cephalopod Page.  Rossia pacificaDyer, Anna, Helmstetler, Hans, and Dave Cowles. (Berry, 1911). Invertebrates of the Salish Sea. Walla Walla University, 2005Rossia pacificaGoogly-eyed Stubby Squid. Nautilus Live. YouTube video (2:27).  Jereb, P., and C.F.E. Roper, eds. Rossia pacifica pacifica Berry, 1911. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered Nautiluses and Sepioids. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2005. 185–186.Laptikhovsky, V. V., et al. Reproductive Strategies in Female Polar and Deep-Sea Bobtail Squid Genera Rossia and Neorossia (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Polar Biology 31.12 (2008): 1499-507. Print.Montes, Alejandra. Rossia pacifica. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan, 2014.  Rossia pacifica Berry, 1911. Encyclopedia of Life. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.

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Global warming is a matter of great concern that is unfortunately quite often overlooked in light of other problems that seem to be more immediately demanding. However, for all the attention that this issue does not draw, that is how dire it is growing to be. There are many problems that are causing global warming, and if they are not rectified, or at least prevented from here on out there are going to be some severe ramifications in the near future. Greenhouse gases, holes in the ozone layer and the decay of the atmosphere are just a few of the problems that need to be at the very least understood by the general populace. Greenhouse gases are chemical compounds that are found in the atmosphere. Because of their chemical make up, they allow energy from the sun to enter the atmosphere freely. â€Å"When sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the sun to the Earth’s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the Earth’s surface roughly constant.† (Greenhouse gases, climate change, and energy) So this heat that is formed in these gases merely sits there and radiates more heat than it should. Another great concern to everyone on earth should be the hole in the ozone that is above Antarctica. Last recorded in September of 2000, the hole was 28.3 million square kilometers. (Antarctica’s Record-setting Ozone Hole) Such a hole in the ozone allow rays from the sun to enter undiluted into our atmosphere with their unhampered intensity. Since this hole is present in one of the coldest parts of the world, where there is so much ice, the potential for melting is extremely dangerous. Already, our world’s core temperature has risen 1 degrees. It is predicted that before the turn of the century, the core temperature will rise another 3 to 9 degrees. Such a great change would cause water levels to rise, coastal cities would start to flood, people who lived on the edge the beaches and coasts would have to move or lose everything they possessed to floods. This drastic change in temperature also effects the weather patterns.

Biopsychosocial Assessment of Dr. A. Elizabeth “Bessie” Delany Essay

The following information for this biopsychosocial assessment of Dra. Annie Elizabeth â€Å"Bessie† Delany was found from the autobiography of Bessie and her sister, Sadie (Delany, Delany, & Hearth, 1993). Bessie Delany was born in 1891, she is the third daughter of Henry and Nanny Delany. she studied at Columbia University and she became the second female dentists in New York. In that time the segregation, violence, and discrimination took a big part of Delany family, and her parent had a very difficult time raising their family. Bessie and her parents were involved in politics social activism known as the civil movement. Bessie’s parents were an example of life for their children and others in their community. By being a family who succeeded in life. In those days, white people thought that the success for black was waste of time since at that time it was unusual for black people to become successful in their life’s. sheets (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 199 3). In the book, â€Å"Having Our Say†, Bessie and Sadie Delany reflect on their personal, professional, and social experiences. Both Bessie and Sadie would be considered in Older Adulthood as defined by Zastrow and Kirst-Ashman (2010). At the time that the book was written, Bessie was criticizing the positive and negative. She often got upset as she sees that people were doing the right things. Bessie was the younger of the two sisters, she was a leader, her personality showed anger comparing to her sister that she was very calm. Bessie was reliant on her sister Sadie. For example, Bessie didn’t have a pension and depended upon Sadie’s Board of Education pension to live throughout retirement. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993). Biological Issues During the adulthood stage, people have many biological issues like when a person reaches this point in life they begin to face aging problems. One of those issues is the senescence that an individual is affected in different parts of the body, at various rates due to some parts of the body being stronger and resist aging. Older people regularly suffer the most visible effects of physical appearances, like shakiness of the hands and legs. Problems with bodily coordination, shoulder struggles, reduced agility, an increase in wrinkles of the skin, and the slowdown of the Psychomotor skills all occur currently (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pg. 588-589-590 According to the textbook, Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment, the slowdown of the Psychomotor skill specifies that the central nervous system is slowing down the information processing. Older people may come across problems such as difficulty remembering things as well as learning or retaining new information from memory. Problems can arise in certain activities such as driving a car. This can cause an increase in the risk of accidents while they drive. Even in older adulthood, however, if an individual has a healthy physical and mental state, Psychomotor skills can be highly functioning, and the person doesn’t have to have these challenges. Not everyone ages at the same rate, this is true for biological functioning (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010, pp. 588-590). Bessie Delany’s Biological Development Based on descriptions of Bessie in the book, there are a few of examples that may show signs of aging in her adult biological development. Bessie was walking along with her sister and mother when a boy called them â€Å"grandmas† because of their grey hair, slow movements, and wrinkles (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, p. 250). Her body showed her that her youth was gone because they were walking slowly as elders do. Bessie stopped driving a vehicle because of her body changes as her hand movements are diminished, reflexes are different from when she was young. Because of her age, Bessie had also stopped cutting her trees. She did not feel confident to be climbing a ladder and utilized sheets (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). Assess Bessie’s Development Normal or Healthy? Yes, Bessie’s biological development was healthy because she still functioned at a high level. She always ate healthily, ate different vegetables every day, and they also included fruits and vitamins. Usually, in her daily routine, she took Vitamins A, B complex, C, D, E, as well as minerals and zinc. Bessie participated in exercises such as yoga, and she also enjoyed cultivating their garden that helped to maintain mental and active physical conditions. Identified Biological Strengths. Bessie had many strengths, despite her age, and she did not lose her vision. She was very independent, motivates her father to become a professional. Her professional goal became a dentist. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 297). She decides to be a professional instead of being a mother. She had a very strong character, where she didn’t like what she sees, she will protest, especially when she suffered racial attacks. She had a great memory. As she could remember her early childhood. (Delaney, Delaney, & Hill Hearth, 1993, pg. 289). Bessie’s Biological Needs Bessie did not have any outstanding biologicals needs, she was healthy at the age of 101 years old. Reference Delaney, Sarah L., Delaney, Annie Elizabeth, Hill-Hearth, Amy (1993). Having our Say. The Delany Sister’ First 100 years. N. Y. New York. Dell Publishing a Division of Random House, Inc. Zastrow, Charles H. & Kirst-Ashman Karen, K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and Social Environment. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning

The professional teacher in classroom, school, and society

Introduction:By the 1970s, large authoritiess were criticized about interfering the function of markets and the ability of the persons to run their ain personal businesss. Managerialism and marketization of the public services was the chief impression of ‘new public direction ‘ . In order to better the efficiency and effectivity in the populace sector, different schemes such as internal audit and quality confidence have been introduced. ( Aucoin, 1990 ) As instruction is one of the cardinal public services in Hong Kong, it can non hedge from the tidal force of marketization. The reform is related to the transportation of duty from the authorities to the school. In other words, there is a alteration in the nature of the authorities engagement with a position to going more competitory and providing for the demands in the market, and the ever-changing universe. Efficiency, answerability, quality and efficient usage of resources have become the ‘yardstick ‘ in mea suring the public presentation by society, authorities and schools. Those standards have made a great impact on instruction at all degrees. Policy of Decentralization in Schools: In an effort to advance ‘quality instruction ‘ in schools, Hong Kong authorities introduced the thought of a school-based direction theoretical account with a position to conveying about decentalisation. This policy based on an premise: when a market mechanism is in topographic point in the instruction system, s chools will go antiphonal and accountable to the populace, and therefore will choose for better-quality public presentation. ( Brown, 1995 ) Decentralization allows schools flexibleness to apportion resources. Marketization enhances the power of parents as they provide the demands. Diversity of school was decreased and hence the competition between schools is violent. The functions of instructors and pupils have to alter harmonizing to the above-named factors. Fig. 1 Marketization theoretical account ( Modified from Ball )Parental pick:Parental pick is one of the cardinal influences of the educational market. Restructuring instruction by the authorization of parents and pupils through picks in instruction is the cardinal thought under acceptance of a market-oriented attack. In Hong Kong, most of the parents are fond of English Medium Secondary Schools because they believe in the myths of better educational services inside them. ( Band1c†Ya ®Ã‚ ¶e†¢Ã‚ ·a„†ºa‚?c µÃ‚ ±e†¹Ã‚ ±a? ­ , 2010 ) Presently, instruction is considered as a sort of commercial merchandise instead than larning to larn. The whole schooling system can be regarded as a trade good market controlled by civilization of quality. Furthermore, schools are the mills for â€Å" value-addedness † while the pupils ‘ acquisition results are the trade goods within the market. Parents are the goaded force and exert great force per unit areas to school in order to bring forth better reactivity and academic effectivity. ( e ¶Sa ¤se†¹Ã‚ ±?-†¡c? ­ e ¶Sa?-a ®Ã‚ ¶e†¢Ã‚ ·e § , 2008 )Diverseness:In the aftermath of the economic restructuring of Hong Kong into a service economic system, there was a great alteration of the prevocational and secondary proficient schools in 2000. Education and Manpower Bureau revamped and enriched the proficient course of study by stressing more on concern and technological facets every bit good as linguistic communications. ( Education Department, 1997 ) The differences between secondary proficient schools and mainstream secondary schools became bleary. Furthermore, inclusive instruction is introduced and implemented. Students with particular educational demands ( SEN pupil ) are encouraged to have instruction in ordinary schools every bit far as possible. This policy increases the learning diverseness of pupils inside chief watercourse schools. This follows with increasing of demands of resources and teacher re-training. In world, nevertheless, there is unequal support and resources. Under inclusive instruction system, schools can merely have $ 10,000 subsidies for every SEN pupil. Compared with the original system, schools can enroll one instructor and learning aid for every 15 SEN pupils. ( ez?a†¢Ã¢â€ž ¢e‚?eaS?a? §a ¤sca °Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ , 2005 ) Merely 6 % of instructors agree with adequate support under the bing system. ( Education Convergence, 2002 ) In the past 15 old ages, the diverseness of school is reduced due to revamping secondary proficient schools and inclusive instruction. More and more schools became mainstream schools. Normally, those schools focus on academic facets instead than developing pupil ‘s possible since academic accomplishment of pupils is an of import public presentation index under cognition base society. Students ‘ endowments are ever buried.Competition:Under marketization, competition becomes much more serious than earlier. From the fact that the figure of pupils entry to secondary one lessening dramatically ( a? ­a ­?aae ·?a?†¦e ©sa , 2010 ) , schools which did non get adequate figure of pupils might be closed by the authorities. In order to hedge from this procedure, different schools principals utilizing different schemes to pull pupils to analyze their school. The schemes including give different subsidy or even hard currency to the new pupils. Harmonizing to the research ( e ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢e‚?a °Ã‚ ­aaâ€Å"?a?†Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢a? «a ·?aeY? , 2010 ) , some instructors were forced to advance the school. The promotional activities including be aftering different activities, some even serve as salesmen on the street to advance the school. We believed that these should non be the responsibilities of instructors. The direct result is teacher can non pass equal clip on the lesson planning or fixing resource for pupils. This implies that learning quality in footings of pupil larning result may deteriorate due to the deficit of readying. Second consider competition between pupils. Hong Kong is a cognition based society. Under the construct of marketization, educational success implies competiveness, which farther elaborates to money and high socio-economical degree. We argued that the ultimate end of instruction should non be served as a tool to mount up to higher socio-economical degree. If marketization continues, the purposes of instruction would go training pupils to accomplish academic success merely and in uniformity. We argued there would be two possible result of this uniformity. The first result is we would lose out value instruction. Previously school non merely concentrate on academic country, but besides the whole individual development of pupils. Teacher can hold flexibleness to learn different country of cognition, but non constrained to the examinational stuffs. But under marketization, we focus on the acquisition result and competiveness between pupils instead than value. It seems that the value instr uction is no longer of import in the modern society. Therefore we argued this may be one of the accounts of the happening of different societal issues. The 2nd possible result of uniformity is the changing of features of pupils. After marketization, we focus more on competition every bit good as public scrutiny. Therefore different accomplishments such as communicating or coaction may be omitted in the course of study. From the illustration of the maestro alumnus in Chinese university, this indicated that our current educational system maintain preparation pupils in this mode. ( a? ­a ¤Ã‚ §c? ©a? «200? ¬?e ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a ·?a ¤Ã‚ ±?†¢- , 2011 ) This in bend pupils can merely execute good in the test merely, but can non use the cognition in the existent state of affairs or utilizing different accomplishments to work out jobs.The effects of the reform of educational system on instructors:In fact, the work load of instructors was really high before the reform of educational system. Teachers have more than 30 periods per hebdomad and it was one of the highest Numberss around the universe ( Cheng, 2004 ) . Furthermore, the figure of pupils per category normally is really high and it is about 40 per category. It may to a great extent increase the work load of instructors. Under the reform of the educational system, the work load of instructors is farther increased. In the yesteryear, the instructors could still manage their work. It was because of the standardised course of study, lower in-class diverseness of pupils and the comparatively teacher-centered instruction manner. However, under the reform of the educational system, the stria of pupils was changed from 5-band system to 3-band system. In other words, the intra-school diverseness of pupils became much higher. This may ensue in the dramatic addition in the trouble and cost of learning and direction of schools. Ultimately, instructors have to pay more attempt to cover with the jobs in learning, conselling and resources allotment. As the diverseness of pupil additions, the original high quality schools and pupils become second-rate since the resources have to be shifted to cover with the jobs of less able pupils. As mentioned antecedently, inclusive instruction is one of the of import policies under the reform of the educational system. It aims to include some SEN pupils into the normal categories so that SEN pupils can accept the legitimate instruction. This may increase the intra-school diverseness of pupils and the operating cost of schools. Besides, excess back uping resources should be needed. However, a batch of schools do n't run into the standards to suit the SEN pupils and are forced to make so. Under the state of affairs of high work load and ‘big category ‘ , instructors really have non adequate clip and energy to take attention of the SEN pupils. As a consequence, the SEN pupils finally get no benefit. The reform of educational system involves the alteration in the instruction schemes and the usage of the instruction tools. In order to do the instruction more effectual, instructors have to take a batch of preparation classs about the alteration of the course of study, the application of information engineering and etc. Besides, some instructors have to complete the graduate student sheepskin of instruction. Teachers have to pay excess clip and energy on their surveies. In add-on to the work load and day-to-day responsibilities in school, instructors may experience collapsed. As a consequence, the success of the reform of educational system may be hard to be achieved since instructors really have no clip and energy to take attention of the diverseness of the ability of pupils and aid pupils ‘ growing.Decision:In decision, marketization have its ain advantages such as bettering efficiency of acquisition and instruction in footings of larning result. Nevertheless, the purposes o f instruction and value instruction are neglected in the current marketized educational system. We believed that the disadvantages overwhelm the advantages and this is non a good pattern to our following coevals. Entire words: 1675

Limiting Use of Animals in Research essays

Limiting Use of Animals in Research essays Animal testing has been used since the beginning of scientific medicine research and most of the advancement in medical science has been related to the use of animal testing. Without the help of animal research, many would not have survived diseases that were once fatal to the human population. Believing that torturing animals is cruel, some scientists suggest other solutions to replace animal testing and all of those solutions are found to be insufficient. In the A Scientist: I am the Enemy article, Ron Kline lists few solutions and he explains why those solutions cant replace animal testing, solutions such as experiments on human beings...or...using computer modeling that can simulate animal experiments. Both sources are unreliable and impossible. Therefore, there is no doubt that animal testing may be the only method that would greatly improve medical science in finding new methods and to provide society with the best medical breakthroughs to improve our lives. Animal-rights activists suggest that the use of animals is immoral and scientifically incorrect because animals, just as humans, have rights. One of the animal-rights activists, Roger Caras, explains the animal rights in We Must Find Alternatives to Animals in Research article, stating that ...animals have the right not to have pain, fear or physical deprivation inflicted upon them. If we cannot use animals, what other option do we have for medical research and advancement? This question is not easy to answer. If we try to think logically about finding the best alternative method to animal testing, we will end up with the conclusion of human experimentation. Most would wonder why we do not use humans for research on human diseases. The answer for this question comes quickly in our mind that using humans in medical research would be immoral. Most of us would agree that human beings should not be in experime...

7 Other Types of Pronouns

7 Other Types of Pronouns 7 Other Types of Pronouns 7 Other Types of Pronouns By Mark Nichol Think of a pronoun. Chances are, you will come up with a personal pronoun, such as he, she, it, them, they, us, and the like. But note that I modified pronoun with the adjective personal, which implies that there are other types of pronouns. As a matter of fact, eight classes of pronouns exist. Here’s an outline: 1. Demonstrative Pronouns This class of pronouns direct the reader’s attention to an implied noun: â€Å"I’m not going to eat this.† â€Å"That was quite an experience!† â€Å"What are these?† â€Å"I’ve never seen those before.† â€Å"Such is my understanding of the situation.† These sentences closely resemble the type in which the same words appear as adjectives for example, â€Å"I’m not going to eat this food† but in such case, they have a different identity: When they modify nouns, these words are called determiners. 2. Indefinite Pronouns Not to be confused with indefinite relative pronouns, described below, these are pronouns that act as nouns: â€Å"All were present at the meeting.† â€Å"Each was guilty in his or her own way.† â€Å"One has to keep up appearances.† â€Å"Good fortune comes to some.† â€Å"None of them showed up.† â€Å"Is anybody interested?† â€Å"Somebody is going to pay for this.† â€Å"Have you sent invitations to everybody?† There are many more indefinite pronouns than these: any, fewer, several, most, and other related words; these also function as determiners (adjectives): â€Å"I recognized several people at the party.† 3. Intensive Pronouns Intensive pronouns are simply personal pronouns with -self or -selves attached, such as in the following sentences: â€Å"I myself don’t have an opinion.† â€Å"She would have said so herself, but he beat her to it.† Intensive pronouns, like the otherwise identical-looking reflexive pronouns (below), are not essential to the sentence; omit the highlighted word in each of these examples, and the sentences still make sense without the intensive pronoun. 4. Interrogative Pronouns These pronouns introduce interrogative sentences: â€Å"Who are you?† â€Å"What is the meaning of life?† â€Å"Which way should I go?† Like some other types of pronouns, these can serve as determiners (sometimes called, in this role, interrogative adjectives). Sentences in which interrogative pronouns appear don’t always end with question marks: â€Å"I know who you are.† â€Å"She told you what the meaning of life is.† â€Å"They know which way to go.† 5. Reciprocal Pronouns These pronouns combine ideas, hence the name: â€Å"Have you met each other before?† â€Å"We shared our thoughts with one another.† The distinction in use is whether you refer to two people (â€Å"each other†) or to more than two (â€Å"one another†). 6. Reflexive Pronouns These pronouns have the same form as intensive pronouns but differ in that they refer reflexively to the antecedent (a corresponding noun the pronoun refers to): â€Å"I bought myself a new car.† (Myself is reflexive of I.) â€Å"Have you looked at yourself in the mirror lately? (Yourself is reflexive of you.) They are also essential to the sentence; if you omitted the highlighted word in each of these examples, the sentences would be incomplete. The erroneous use of reflexive pronouns in sentences such as â€Å"Jane and myself were there when it happened† (instead of â€Å"Jane and I were there when it happened†) is called an untriggered reflexive, because there was no antecedent to trigger the pronoun. (â€Å"Jane and I† itself is the subject. This subject is the antecedent of we in â€Å"Jane and I were there when it happened, but we didn’t see anything,† but there’s no need for a reflexive pronoun in that sentence.) 7. Relative Pronouns These are the type of pronouns that, as the name implies, relate words to other pronouns or to nouns: â€Å"Who were you talking to?† â€Å"I’ll find out which one is correct.† â€Å"The vase that was on the table is missing.† A subgroup of relative pronouns, the indefinite relative pronouns, lack an antecedent: â€Å"What were you saying?† â€Å"Whoever said that is asking for trouble.† â€Å"I’ll do whatever I please.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Math or Maths?50 Idioms About Roads and Paths40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

Literature review Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Literature review - Assignment Example A payment contract is a structured negotiation between a supplier and a company. In this case, the company can pay the supplier a penalty or take the products from a supplier. The company and supplier agree on a payment method for all products. Additionally, the company must pay the supplier for products not taken. This is based on an agreed ceiling. Organizational managers need to recognize the methods they can use to finance international trade in order to conduct importing and exporting with an aim of maximizing the value of their organization. Pol Antras and Fritz Foley (2011) wrote an article in which they explored international trade finance practices. Their study analyzed some of the most important financial terms that support international trade (Antras & Foley, 2011, p. 7). The study provided opportunities for understanding how the financial terms affect trade. Antras and Foley (2011) used detailed transaction level information and data from a U.S based firm that exported refrigerated and frozen food products. The researchers began by outlining broad patterns on the use of different financing terms. The patterns helped in identifying a model for a trade finance mode, which is shaped by the risk that importers may default on exporters. Additionally, the model is based on the probability that exporters may fail to deliver goods according to the contract. According to the researchers, the empirical results of the study show that transactions may occur on letter of credit terms, and cash in advance in case the importer o perates in a country that has weak contractual enforcement. Exporters rarely use letters of credit. The need for prepayment diminishes as importers and exporters establish a relationship. Managers of multinational corporations need to decide the best financing terms for their transactions. Exporters may need importers to pay for ordered goods before the goods are loaded for shipment, or they may allow